Should there be any doubt that LA belongs among the big 6 urban US cities?

[Crawford]

Detroit was less black than Cleveland, Chicago, NYC, Philly and other northern cities until well into the postwar years. I believe Cleveland was the blackest major northern city (if we aren't counting DC or Baltimore as traditionally northern) in 1960.

Pre-1960, Detroit was lily-white outside of a small, dense core area north and east of downtown.