https://www.visitsaudi.com/en/see-do/destinations/medina
Medina, Saudi Arabia
Kota in the province of Rajasthan in NW India is the hottest city in South Asia. Medina is the hottest major city in Saudi Arabia. The oasis city of Al-Hofuf located about 75 km inland from the Persian Gulf is slightly hotter with a July mean of 37.8C, but it's a bit below the 750,000 population cut-off. El-Dammam in Saudi Arabia is noteworthy for its suburb of
Dhahran which has experienced the highest dew point ever recorded. In the Persian Gulf, because the water is so hot, sometimes not only is it really hot, but also really humid. In 2003, Dhahran experienced a temperature of 42C, and relative humidity of 68%, which amounts to a dew point of 35C, or a heat index 81C (178F). Prolonged exposure to heat indexes of 54C (130F) is considered dangerous to vulnerable people even without exertion, while in the shade. A heat index of 178F is thought to be potentially fatal to even young people after prolonged exposure, even in the shade. Such heat indices may have been quite common during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum 56 million years ago when tropical ocean temperatures were 32-36C depending who you ask.
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