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Originally Posted by SSBMEXPERT
Ouch, it kinda pains me to read some of those last posts. I mean, I know things in Philadelphia weren't always kittens and rainbows, but I never thought the city fell behind mainly due to decline it created for itself. Rather, I thought it was simply past up by New York, mainly due to the lack of immigration and the access NY's harbors allowed.
Now that I know the city actually declined, it makes me feel a little sad. As if the city was cheated out of maintaining it's greatness. Even though it's history and all.
I mean I don't want Philadelphia to be another New York and I know that's not possible anyway (or at least extremely unlikely unless New York somehow stalls severely), but I do hope the city can someday get at least get back into things on a Global scale. ...Preferably in my lifetime.
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The closing of the Second Bank of the United States was really the event that allowed NYC to surpass Philadelphia to such a great extent that it did. The bank closed in 1836 which eliminated Philadelphia as the primary bond market for what would today be US Treasury bonds. That event coupled with the death of Stephen Girad in 1831 took a lot of capital out of the Philadelphia finance market. At the time the US was the top financial market in the US with the largest banks located in Philly. As of the 1840 census Philly had a population of 93,665 compared to New York Cities 391,114. Obviously New York was much bigger by this time yet Philadelphia still ran the countries financial markets to a large degree.
The Civil War in which Philadelphia bankers underwrote much of the war helped keep Philadelphia on equal footing as a financial base but following the war a few key things happened. Drexel & Co closed after Francis Martin Drexel died and Anthony Joseph Drexel created a new bank in NYC called Drexel, Morgan & Co. When Anthony Drexel died the bank became J.P. Morgan & Co. Edward T Stotesbury was the main partner with J.P. Morgan after the death of Anthony Drexel but instead of investing his $100 million back into Philadelphia is squandered most of it dieing with less then $4 million dollars. J.P. Morgan at the time of Stotesbury's death was a completely NY firm by that point with Philadelphia having lost on of the major US banks at the time.
Also after the Civil War America realized that it needed to be able to float its on bonds in order to support future wars. Instead of creating another Bank of the United States in Philadelphia they decided to issues the bonds through the Bank of New York effectively killing any chance Philadelphia had left at competing on a somewhat close playing field with NY. By the late 1890s Philadelphia had lost most of its banking core and while the larger economy was still performing strongly most firms were not public companies and it hurt the regional economy. To put into perspective how much the moving of Philadelphia wealth to NY hurt the city in 1860 when Philadelphia was still a striving financial center the city had a population of 565,529 and NYC had a population of 1,174,779. This was around the same time the Philadelphia banking money moved to NYC and their population continued its rapid growth while the population growth became much slower in Philly. By 1890 Philly was at 1,046,964 and NYC had ballooned to 2,507,414.
Granted the Erie Canal also played a crucial role in this as evidenced in Chicago's growth rate at the time from 112,172 in 1860 to 1,099,850 in 1890 but the important thing about the Erie Canal was that it was funded from the NYSE. By 1890 the PHLX had lost so much capital that is was unable to underwrite the massive public works projects and innovative ideas of the NYSE so Philly and NYC began to diverge in growth patterns.
At least that is how I understand some of the forces that were at play at the time. I also skipped a bunch of factors as I am not the most qualified on the subject. Obviously other factors greatly contributed to the divergence like NYC being a much shorter boat ride for immigrants along with the fact that the route between NYC and Chicago was apparently much easier to put in a canal then Chicago to Philly. I guess my point is that some things were against the city but from the small amount of books I have read the city also missed out a many opportunities well before 1900 in which it could have been in a much better position to handle 1930 onward.