Looking forward to your visit, xzmattzx!
There are a few places for swimming in or near downtown, including the Don Wheaton YMCA, MacEwan University, Kinsmen Park and Oliver Pool (if it's still open).
There's not really a lot of beaches in or near Edmonton. In Edmonton, you can try the Accidental Beach east of downtown near the Tawatina LRT Bridge. Outside of Edmonton, you can also also try Pigeon Lake, Alberta Beach near Lac Ste Anne, or Astotin Lake in Elk Island National Park. For travelling outside of Edmonton, your best bet is to rent a car due to a lack of public transit or bus service.
As for bars, I recommend OTR (aka On The Rocks) on a Saturday night. There's also the Sherlock Holmes Pub, Fu's Repair Shop, Rocky Mountain Icehouse, Cask & Barrel, Kelly's Pub, Club Trove, Evolution, Underground, Central Social Hall, O'Byrnes, Canadian Icehouse, The Banquet and a few others, which are all located in downtown Edmonton.
Local microbreweries include Sea Change (their Death Wave lager is the best beer IMO), Alley Kat, Arcadia, Bent Stick, Campio, Growlery, Irrational, Longroof, Odd Company, SYC and Town Square.
Edmonton is well-known for their green onion cakes and donairs. The best green onion cakes are at Green Onion Cake Man on Alberta Ave (118 Ave), plus you can find green onion cakes in every Chinese eatery or bakery. There's a donair shop on practically every corner, especially on Whyte Ave. I'm not into donairs, so I'll let the other forum members respond.
Iconic restaurants in Edmonton include SABOR, Bianco, Cafe Amore, Continental Treat, Tzin, Bistro Praha, Japonais, Lingnan, The Harvest Room, Khazana and Dorinku - but that's just for starters!
Fast food places in Alberta? I can only think of Peter's Drive-In. There is Famoso (their Neapolitan pizza is to die for) but I don't know how widespread they are.
If you want to see tall skyscrapers, head down to ICE District where you'll find Stantec Tower (the tallest building in western Canada), JW Marriott tower, City of Edmonton Tower and the Rogers Place arena. Other skyscrapers include Manulife Place (under refurbishment), Commerce Place, Rice Howard Place Tower (under refurbishment), ATB Financial/Telus Tower and Sun Life Place. Also visit City Hall, Royal Alberta Museum, Art Gallery of Alberta, Churchill Square, Winspear Centre (new extension u/c), 104 St Promenade, Alberta Legislature, the High Level Bridge and the Walterdale Bridge.
Other neighborhoods to see include Old Strathcona/Whyte Ave, Ritchie, Garneau, University of Alberta, Oliver (now known as Wihkwentowin), 124 St, Chinatown, Little Italy, Muttart/Stadium Yards and Alberta Ave. There's also the river valley, where you can spend hours walking, jogging, cycling or e-scootering through kilometres of unspoiled parkland.
Good luck, and happy travels!