Shenyang, abbreviated as Shen and formerly known as Shengjing and Fengtian, is the capital city, sub provincial city, and mega city of Liaoning Province. It is the core city of the Shenyang metropolitan area and has been approved by the State Council as an international center city in Northeast Asia. It is a national historical and cultural city, an international comprehensive transportation hub city, a national advanced manufacturing base, a modern service industry center in Northeast China, and a regional scientific and technological innovation highland. As of May 2022, the official website shows a total area of 128600 square kilometers in the city; As of the end of 2021, it has jurisdiction over 13 county-level administrative districts, including 10 districts of Heping, Shenhe, Dadong, Huanggu, Tiexi, Sujiatun, Hunnan, Shenbei, Yuhong, and Liaozhong, 1 county-level city of Xinmin, and 2 counties of Kangping and Faku. At the end of 2022, the permanent resident population was 9.147 million; The regional gross domestic product (GDP) for 2022 is 769.58 billion yuan. It is a comprehensive transportation hub connecting the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Beijing Tianjin Hebei to the Kanto region and an important node extending the Belt and Road to Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia. Has successively won titles such as "National Civilized City", "National Environmental Protection Model City", "National Forest City", and "National Garden City". He is known as the "eldest son of the Republic", "Eastern Ruhr", and "birthplace of a dynasty".
The Shenyang area is mainly composed of plains, with a flat terrain and an average elevation of about 50 meters. The mountainous hills are concentrated in the northeast and southeast, and belong to the extension of the Liaodong hills. The western part is the alluvial plain of the Liao River and Hun River, with the terrain slowly sloping from east to west. Between 41 degrees 11 minutes 51 seconds north latitude and 43 degrees 2 minutes 13 seconds east longitude and 122 degrees 25 minutes 9 seconds to 123 degrees 48 minutes 24 seconds. It belongs to a temperate humid continental climate with distinct four seasons. There are currently over 2200 species of wild animals and plants.
Shenyang, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, was a major city of the Yan Kingdom, Fangcheng (predecessor of Houcheng), under the jurisdiction of Xiangping County, Liaodong Commandery of Yan. It was the beginning of Shenyang's urban history, dating back more than 2600 years. During the Western Han Dynasty, it was originally called "Hou Cheng" and was under the jurisdiction of Liaodong County (Liaoyang) of the Han Dynasty. It is the beginning of the official construction of Shenyang city. In the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed as "Shenzhou". In the 14th year of the Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1657), the Manchu and Qing dynasties established Fengtian Prefecture in Shenyang with the intention of "Fengtian Carrier". Shenyang was also known as "Fengtian". In the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929), after the "Northeast Flag Change", Zhang Xueliang changed "Fengtian" to "Shenyang". In 1931, Japanese imperialism launched the "September 18 Incident" and occupied Shenyang, then changed the name "Shenyang City" to "Fengtian City". In 1945, after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan and the liberation of Northeast China, the name "Shenyang City" was restored to "Fengtian City". As of the end of 2021, there were 332 urban bus operating routes and 4 subway operating routes. Tourist attractions include the Zhang Family Mansion Museum, Beiling Park, and the September 18 History Museum
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