Xiamen, also known as "Lu" or "Lu Island", is a sub provincial city and economic special zone under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province. It is located at the southeastern end of Fujian Province, adjacent to Zhangzhou to the west, Quanzhou to the north, and facing the various Kinmen and Dadan Islands across the sea to the southeast. It is a major city in the Minnan region and is known as the Xiamen Zhangzhou Quanzhou Minnan Golden Triangle Economic Zone along with Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. As of 2020, the city has a land area of 1700.61 square kilometers. As of the end of 2020, Xiamen has 6 municipal districts, 26 streets, 12 towns, 388 communities, and 147 administrative villages. As of the end of 2022, the city has a permanent population of 5.308 million and achieved a regional GDP of 780266 billion yuan
The terrain of Xiamen city slopes from northwest to southeast, with a South Asian tropical oceanic monsoon climate. Xiamen has abundant marine biological resources, with nearly 2000 species of various marine organisms. The metal mineral resources in Xiamen are relatively scarce, and the discovered metal deposits and mineral spots include thorium, iron, manganese, copper, tungsten, lead, titanium, molybdenum, zinc, etc. Xiamen is an island city with scarce freshwater resources. The water generally contains chemical components such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, silicic acid, fluorine, bromine, radon, etc., which have development and utilization value. In 2020, Xiamen was awarded the title of the happiest city; In 2021, it became one of the first batch of national supply chain innovation and application demonstration cities. Xiamen has famous tourist attractions such as the Huxi Rock Ridge Cave Cliff Carvings, Xiamen Seawall Monument, Longtou Shanzhai Site, and Zheng Chenggong Memorial Hall
As of the end of 2022, there are 1465 full-time schools of all levels and types in the city, including 16 regular higher education institutions, 143 regular secondary schools, 300 primary schools, 999 kindergartens, and 7 special education schools. There are a total of 2389 medical and health institutions at all levels and types in the city, including 68 hospitals, 29 community health service centers, 10 health centers, 538 outpatient departments, 7 maternal and child health institutions, 7 disease prevention and control centers, 1 specialized prevention and treatment hospital, and 1 sanatorium.
Xiamen was a territory of Houguan County during the Han Dynasty. In the third year of Jin Taikang (282 AD), it was under the jurisdiction of Tong'an County (later merged into Jin'an County). During the Sui Dynasty, it was a territory of Nan'an County. In the mid Tang Dynasty, Xiamen Island was called Xincheng and Jiaheli. In the fourth year of Changxing in the Later Tang Dynasty (933 AD), Datong Field in Nan'an County was upgraded to Tong'an County, and Xiamen Island was under the jurisdiction of Tong'an. During the Song Dynasty, it belonged to the 21st to 24th districts of Suide Township in Tong'an County. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jiahe Qianhu was established. In the 27th year of the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty (1394), Xiamen City was built, and the Yongning Guard's two thousand households on the left were relocated to Xiamen, with the establishment of the Zhongzuo Guard's Thousand Household Office. Xiamen Island was therefore named Zhongzuo Office, but it remained a territory of Tong'an. In the ninth year of the Yongli reign of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1655), Zheng Chenggong changed the center left office to Siming Prefecture. In the 19th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1680), the Qing army captured Xiamen. In the 22nd year of Kangxi's reign (1683), the Qing army recaptured Taiwan Island and established the Taiwan (Bay) Xiamen (Gate) Military Reserve Road the following year, thus fixing the name Xiamen
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