Why some first-gen immigrant groups in cities politically conservative vs. left?

[Capsicum]

Some "new immigrant" groups are famously more conservative than older/more assimilated immigrant groups -- for example Israeli/Orthodox Jews compared to typical American Jews. Another example is mainland Chinese immigrants that are more conservative than earlier Chinese immigrants (e.g. from decades prior).

But that's not always the case. There are some cases where the new immigrant groups are more left-leaning than established ones. For instance, I wouldn't be surprised if a recent Italian immigrant was more left-leaning than older, suburban Italian Americans who naturalized (many which are probably seniors). I think some Asian Americans (e.g. Indian, Bangladeshi immigrants in NYC) also have new immigrant waves be more left-leaning.

Is this a function of recency of immigration (e.g. as time goes on the immigrant picks up the norms of the host society they surround themselves with -- those living in liberal cities become more liberal, those living in conservative suburbs more conservative?)

Is it more about homeland politics. They vote based on what relations with their old country are/were -- e.g. Israel, Cuba, China, India etc.?

Is it an age/socio-economic thing -- poor or younger immigrants become more left-leaning, richer, older ones more right-leaning?

Maybe those who immigrate young (e.g. someone who came to the US or Canada or the UK as a kid/teen are more left-leaning than adult immigrants who are socially conservative due to upbringing in the old country)?

Is it about racial minority status and racialization? Immigrants that are more stereotyped or racialized vote Democratic in the US because they become more aware of the image that that's the party of "minorities"? Would then, say African immigrants be more left-leaning than European immigrants? But in many cases, immigrants don't always socialize/intermingle with the same peer groups as their native-born counterparts.

Or would immigration status in and of itself not be that big of a factor vs. all the other ones -- urban/rural, region/ race/ethnicity, gender, education, socio-economic status etc.