A look into the Halifax City Home Registers 1802-1811 gives a glimpse into how bad things could be for those not fortunate to have health or wealth (influence) back in the early days of the city.
Though the list is a little cold and impersonal, this is likely one of the few records in existence which actually tells something about many of those whose lives would have otherwise gone unrecorded in history. In this case, it is their bad fortune that has granted them a place in recorded history.
Looking through the list you can identify many 'causes of admission' that would be easily treatable/preventable in modern times, which makes it evident that most healthy and productive people could easily fall into one of these categories with a bit of bad luck, unemployment, illness or injury, and be one step away from the poor house on any given day.
The safety nets (modern medicine, social programs, etc.) that we take for granted in today's society (though not perfect), give people a chance to live a reasonable life in comparison. A 'poor house' or 'poor asylum' mostly seemed to be a place to keep "them" away from society with a certain degree of benevolence, but basically was a catch-all for people that didn't fit into (or physically couldn't function or be productive in) society for one reason or another.
It could be argued that the functions covered by the 'poor house' evolved into the facilities/programs that today are covered by healthcare systems, mental health facilities, shelters, nursing homes, unemployment insurance, etc. etc., but society was certainly slanted towards those with wealth and connections, I think to a greater degree than it is today (arguably). Overall I do get the impression that the 'care' was minimalistic at best and horrific/draconian at worst, and those that were able were expected to earn their keep with little to no payback except the shelter/provisions being provided.
Here's a link to the record:
https://www.halifax.ca/sites/default...%20surname.pdf