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Originally Posted by DeltaNerd
How does other countries over come this challenge? I assume it's through more infrastructure like more tracks, flyover/unders and more signaling. For example somewhere like Jenkintown can see 3 trains in a span of 15 minutes and not see any trains for the next hour. This is on weekends I'm talking about
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Signaling is a big part of it, but a lot of it is infrastructure that doesn't actually exist in the locations we're talking about. What breaks a chain is the weakest link. As long as any line is limited by capacity, throughput, etc, you're always going to have a problem.
Places like Japan overcome the problem because their equivalent of Regional Rail is incredibly maintained and incredibly run. Trains are rarely if ever late, so in making the assumption that everything will always be perfect, it becomes much easier to have some of the train densities they have. Beyond that, their trunk lines aren't as condensed as ours (I'm unsure if even Tokyo has any trunk handling traffic from 12 lines. Need to research). When you have multiple trunks to work with, it becomes easier to schedule more trains. This is evident in the New York City subway system, which has several trunk lines in Manhattan. Imagine trying to run all of those lines through one or two trunks?
Back to us vs. Japan, Regional Rail has flaws. It is frequently late. These failures cascade and affect more and more trains the more dense your schedule is.
So, what does Regional Rail need to get to that level? First, reliable and new rolling stock, and lots more of it. Second, it needs qualified engineers to drive the trains. SEPTA is already short about four dozen engineers right now, so adding any capacity is basically impossible until that is solved. Third, it would need a new signaling system built for train densities that we've been discussing (at this point you need to consider rush hour throughput, not just weekends).
All that might seem pretty achievable, and it is for the Main. However, when you start discussing lines like Doylestown, Warminster, etc. that have large single-track segments, it becomes much harder. Those lines need to be upgraded along with the rest of the system. In addition, you need somewhere to store the new trains, preferably outside of the city center. Most of SEPTA's yards are in Philly, which forces deadhead moves.