http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/filmnotes/shoppingcenter.html
Suburban Center
1946 Abraham Levitt's Levittown on Long Island pioneered the post-war era of mass-produced low-cost housing tracts located in automobile suburbs and satellite cities on the edge of large urban centers.
1947 The Broadway-Crenshaw Center opened in south Los Angeles in November, with 550,000 sq. ft., 13 acres parking, anchored by a Broadway department store, Woolworth variety store, and Von's supermarket. Known today as the Baldwin Hills Crenshaw Shopping Plaza, it remains in operation as the oldest regional shopping center in the U.S.
1947 The North Shore Center opened near Beverly MA to serve as a regional shopping center for the Boston area, designed by Kenneth Welch as a village green with stores surrounding a 100-ft. landscaped central open area.
1949 Don M. Casto opened the Town & Country in the suburb of Whitehall east of Columbus: "Nighttime shopping was inaugurated at Town & Country Shopping Center in Columbus, Ohio, when developer Don Casto hired Grandma Carver (a woman who dived from a 90-foot perch into a 4-foot pool of flaming water), to perform her act in the lighted parking lot, bringing shopping center promotion to a new level." (ICSC 2000)
1950 Northgate opened near Seattle on April 21 as one of the first regional shopping centers defined as a "mall" with a Bon Marche department store and 800,000 sq. ft. for stores arranged in a linear pattern along a 44-foot wide pedestrian walkway, or"mall" that would become the center spine of all future regional shopping centers. The word came from the British game of pall-mall, or "ball and mallett" combining elements of croquet and golf, played since the 1500s on a wide fairway green.
1950 The drive-in grew in popularity as cars and suburbs shifted population away from center cities; the Campus Drive-In near San Diego State University featured a 50-foot-high neon majorette.
1951 Valley Plaza opened as the first shopping center designed to be built near major freeways, anchored by a Sears store, located in the rapidly growing suburbs of the San Fernando Valley north of Los Angeles.
1952 Lakewood Center opened 7 miles north of Long Beach near a Douglas Aircraft factory as one of the largest shopping malls in Southern California, with 100 stores and parking for 12,000 cars on 154 acres, anchored by a 350,000 sq. ft. May Co. department store with 2 supermarkets at each end of the linear center. In the next 8 years, 13 other regional malls would be built in the Los Angeles area.
1954 Austrian-born Victor Gruen designed Northland, near Detroit, with 110 stores in 1,192,000 sq. ft. on 2 levels, in a cluster arrangement surrounded by parking lot, modeled on the agora, the town squares of ancient Greece. "Gruen, a refugee who had fled the Nazis and arrived in New York in 1938 with $8 in his pocket and little more than his T-square in his luggage, had worked on some of those early open-air shopping centers. Then Detroit's J. L. Hudson department store chain commissioned him to design a center 8 miles away from its flagship downtown store to take advantage of the recent suburban developments spawned by the city's postwar expressways. In 1954, when it opened, the Northland Center was the world's largest shopping mall." (US News 12/27/99)
1956 Victor Gruen's 95-acre two-level Southdale Center Mall opened Oct. 8 in Edina, MN, near Minneapolis, the first fully enclosed shopping center, with a constant climate-controlled temperature of 72 degrees, inspired by the design of the Galleria Vittoria Emanuele designed and built by architect Giuseppe Mengoni 1865-77 in Milan, Italy. In Maryland, James Rouse opened in October the Mondawmin Mall west of Baltimore.
BTW the worlds oldest indoor mall is in Milan Italy not Southfield MI
and the US's first fully enclosed shopping center is in Edina MN, according to that article and the mall's website, and that article mentions the Northland shopping center... is part of it outdoors or was a roof added later??? or does it have to do with climate control???