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Growth in U.S. Population Shows Early Indication of Recovery Amid COVID-19 Pandemic
DEC. 22, 2022 – After a historically low rate of change between 2020 and 2021, the U.S. resident population increased by 0.4%, or 1,256,003, to 333,287,557 in 2022, according to the U.S. Census Bureau’s Vintage 2022 national and state population estimates and components of change released today.
Net international migration — the number of people moving in and out of the country — added 1,010,923 people between 2021 and 2022 and was the primary driver of growth. This represents 168.8% growth over 2021 totals of 376,029 – an indication that migration patterns are returning to pre-pandemic levels. Positive natural change (births minus deaths) increased the population by 245,080.
“There was a sizeable uptick in population growth last year compared to the prior year’s historically low increase,” said Kristie Wilder, a demographer in the Population Division at the Census Bureau. “A rebound in net international migration, coupled with the largest year-over-year increase in total births since 2007, is behind this increase.”
Regional Patterns
The South, the most populous region with a resident population of 128,716,192, was the fastest-growing and the largest-gaining region last year, increasing by 1.1%, or 1,370,163. Positive net domestic migration (867,935) and net international migration (414,740) were the components with the largest contributions to this growth, adding a combined 1,282,675 residents.
The West was the only other region to experience growth in 2022, having gained 153,601 residents — an annual increase of 0.2% for a total resident population of 78,743,364 — despite losing 233,150 residents via net domestic migration (the difference between residents moving in and out of an area). Natural increase (154,405) largely accounted for the growth in the West.
The Northeast, with a population of 57,040,406, and the Midwest, with a population of 68,787,595, lost 218,851 (-0.4%) and 48,910 (-0.1%) residents, respectively. The declines in these regions were due to negative net domestic migration.
Changes in State Population
Increasing by 470,708 people since July 2021, Texas was the largest-gaining state in the nation, reaching a total population of 30,029,572. By crossing the 30-million-population threshold this past year, Texas joins California as the only states with a resident population above 30 million. Growth in Texas last year was fueled by gains from all three components: net domestic migration (230,961), net international migration (118,614), and natural increase (118,159).
Florida was the fastest-growing state in 2022, with an annual population increase of 1.9%, resulting in a total resident population of 22,244,823.
“While Florida has often been among the largest-gaining states,” Wilder noted, “this was the first time since 1957 that Florida has been the state with the largest percent increase in population.”
It was also the second largest-gaining state behind Texas, with an increase of 416,754 residents. Net migration was the largest contributing component of change to Florida’s growth, adding 444,484 residents. New York had the largest annual numeric and percent population decline, decreasing by 180,341 (-0.9%). Net domestic migration (-299,557) was the largest contributing component to the state’s population decline.
Eighteen states experienced a population decline in 2022, compared to 15 and DC the prior year. California, with a population of 39,029,342, and Illinois, with a population of 12,582,032, also had six-figure decreases in resident population. Both states’ declining populations were largely due to net domestic outmigration, totaling 343,230 and 141,656, respectively.
Puerto Rico Population Changes
In 2022, Puerto Rico’s population was 3,221,789. This reflects a decrease of 1.3%, or 40,904 people, between 2021 and 2022.
Puerto Rico’s population decline resulted from negative net international migration (-26,447) and negative natural change (-14,457), where deaths outnumber births.
Components of Change for States
In 2022, 24 states experienced negative natural change, or natural decrease. Florida had the highest natural decrease at -40,216, followed by Pennsylvania (-23,021) and Ohio (-19,543). In 2021, 25 states had natural decrease.
Of the 26 states and the District of Columbia where births outnumbered deaths, Texas (118,159), California (106,155) and New York (35,611) had the highest natural increase.
All 50 states and the District of Columbia saw positive net international migration with California (125,715), Florida (125,629) and Texas (118,614) having the largest gains.
The biggest gains from net domestic migration last year were in Florida (318,855), Texas (230,961) and North Carolina (99,796), while the biggest losses were in California (-343,230), New York (-299,557) and Illinois (-141,656).
The Population Estimates Program uses current data on births, deaths and migration to calculate population change since the most recent decennial census date and produce a time series of estimates of population, demographic components of change, and housing units. During 2023, the Census Bureau will release estimates of the 2022 population for counties, cities and towns, and metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, as well as national, state and county population estimates by age, sex, race and Hispanic origin. Population estimates by age and sex for Puerto Rico and its municipios will also be released.
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Table 1
Top 10 Most Populous States: 2022
Rank Geographic Area April 1, 2020
(Estimates Base) July 1, 2021 July 1, 2022
1 California 39,538,245 39,142,991 39,029,342
2 Texas 29,145,428 29,558,864 30,029,572
3 Florida 21,538,226 21,828,069 22,244,823
4 New York 20,201,230 19,857,492 19,677,151
5 Pennsylvania 13,002,689 13,012,059 12,972,008
6 Illinois 12,812,545 12,686,469 12,582,032
7 Ohio 11,799,374 11,764,342 11,756,058
8 Georgia 10,711,937 10,788,029 10,912,876
9 North Carolina 10,439,414 10,565,885 10,698,973
10 Michigan 10,077,325 10,037,504 10,034,113
Table 2
Top 10 States in Numeric Growth: 2021 to 2022
Rank Geographic Area April 1, 2020
(Estimates Base) July 1, 2021 July 1, 2022 Numeric Growth
1 Texas 29,145,428 29,558,864 30,029,572 470,708
2 Florida 21,538,226 21,828,069 22,244,823 416,754
3 North Carolina 10,439,414 10,565,885 10,698,973 133,088
4 Georgia 10,711,937 10,788,029 10,912,876 124,847
5 Arizona 7,151,507 7,264,877 7,359,197 94,320
6 South Carolina 5,118,429 5,193,266 5,282,634 89,368
7 Tennessee 6,910,786 6,968,351 7,051,339 82,988
8 Washington 7,705,247 7,740,745 7,785,786 45,041
9 Utah 3,271,614 3,339,113 3,380,800 41,687
10 Idaho 1,839,092 1,904,314 1,939,033 34,719
Table 3
Top 10 States in Percent Growth: 2021 to 2022
Rank Geographic Area April 1, 2020
(Estimates Base) July 1, 2021 July 1, 2022 Percent Growth
1 Florida 21,538,226 21,828,069 22,244,823 1.9%
2 Idaho 1,839,092 1,904,314 1,939,033 1.8%
3 South Carolina 5,118,429 5,193,266 5,282,634 1.7%
4 Texas 29,145,428 29,558,864 30,029,572 1.6%
5 South Dakota 886,677 896,164 909,824 1.5%
6 Montana 1,084,197 1,106,227 1,122,867 1.5%
7 Delaware 989,957 1,004,807 1,018,396 1.4%
8 Arizona 7,151,507 7,264,877 7,359,197 1.3%
9 North Carolina 10,439,414 10,565,885 10,698,973 1.3%
10 Utah 3,271,614 3,339,113 3,380,800 1.2%
Table 4
Top 10 States in Numeric Decline: 2021 to 2022
Rank Geographic Area April 1, 2020
(Estimates Base) July 1, 2021 July 1, 2022 Numeric Decline
1 New York 20,201,230 19,857,492 19,677,151 -180,341
2 California 39,538,245 39,142,991 39,029,342 -113,649
3 Illinois 12,812,545 12,686,469 12,582,032 -104,437
4 Pennsylvania 13,002,689 13,012,059 12,972,008 -40,051
5 Louisiana 4,657,749 4,627,098 4,590,241 -36,857
6 Oregon 4,237,291 4,256,301 4,240,137 -16,164
7 West Virginia 1,793,755 1,785,526 1,775,156 -10,370
8 Maryland 6,177,213 6,174,610 6,164,660 -9,950
9 Mississippi 2,961,288 2,949,586 2,940,057 -9,529
10 Ohio 11,799,374 11,764,342 11,756,058 -8,284
Table 5
Top 10 States in Percent Decline: 2021 to 2022
Rank Geographic Area April 1, 2020
(Estimates Base) July 1, 2021 July 1, 2022 Percent Decline
1 New York 20,201,230 19,857,492 19,677,151 -0.9%
2 Illinois 12,812,545 12,686,469 12,582,032 -0.8%
3 Louisiana 4,657,749 4,627,098 4,590,241 -0.8%
4 West Virginia 1,793,755 1,785,526 1,775,156 -0.6%
5 Hawaii 1,455,273 1,447,154 1,440,196 -0.5%
6 Oregon 4,237,291 4,256,301 4,240,137 -0.4%
7 Mississippi 2,961,288 2,949,586 2,940,057 -0.3%
8 Pennsylvania 13,002,689 13,012,059 12,972,008 -0.3%
9 Rhode Island 1,097,371 1,096,985 1,093,734 -0.3%
10 California 39,538,245 39,142,991 39,029,342 -0.3%
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