Australia, Canada, UK in 2100
Demographically, economically, militarily, and culturally the UK is larger/stronger than the other 2 but the other 2 have more momentum. Lots can change in 80 years so this is more an interesting, theoretical exercise than a forecast or prediction. The US, of course, surpassed its former colonial ruler a century ago. Will Australia and/or Canada eventually do the same? One could make a strong argument for all 3 countries. I suspect there won't be much separating them. Will Brexit, climate change, and/or COVID-19 factor heavily?
Likewise, the same thing is playing out in regards to the premier city in each: Melbourne, Toronto, and London. I know Sydney is still Australia's largest but going forward it will surely be Melbourne. Unfathomable today, but will London still be largest at the turn of the century? Toronto and Melbourne have much stronger growth rates and they've been growing rapidly for decades. While London slows down, the other 2 will likely grow even faster than they are today. I'll post some data on the first metric: demography.
DEMOGRAPHY
Population 1991
Australia: 17,284,036 (30.1% of UK, 61.7% of Canada)
Canada: 28,031,000 (48.8% of UK)
UK: 57,439,000
Population 2001
Australia: 18,769,249 (31.8% of UK; 60.5% of Canada)
Canada: 31,021,000 (52.5% of UK)
UK: 59,113,000
Population 2011
Australia: 21,507,717 (34.0% of UK; 62.4% of Canada)
Canada: 34,484,000 (54.6% of UK)
UK: 63,182,000
Population 2021 Estimate
Australia: 26,400,000 (39.1% of UK; 67.9% of Canada)
Canada: 38,900,000 (57.6% of UK)
UK: 67,500,000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_Australia
https://www.statista.com/statistics/...-of-australia/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Canada
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demogr...United_Kingdom
Population 1991
Melbourne: 3,195,000 (32.0% of London; 67.5% of Toronto)
Toronto: 4,735,483 (47.4% of London)
London: 10,000,000 ?
Population 2001
Melbourne: 3,375,000 (32.4% of London; 60.6% of Toronto)
Toronto: 5,572,104 (53.5% of London)
London: 10 420 794
Population 2011
Melbourne: 4,013,000 (34.9% of London; 61.0% of Toronto)
Toronto: 6,574,140 (57.1% of London)
London: 11 507 490
Population 2021 Estimate
Melbourne: 5,061,000 (39.9% of London; 63.4% of Toronto)
Toronto: 7,980,000 (62.8% of London)
London: 12,700,000
https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/2...rne/population
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Toronto
https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=CITIES#