[seismic]

THE ULTIMATE CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM FOR EARTHQUAKE
The earthquakes in recent years around the world have put in first priority the major social and economic issue of the seismic behavior and overall seismic protection of structures against earthquakes .
Various methods have been developed to optimize the response of structures to seismic action
An important part of developments for seismic strengthening of buildings, does not agree with modern architectural needs , which require as much as possible free plans ( unbalanced construction) and reduction of structural elements of the building .
Also , the architectural needs differentiate the surface coverage of the building on each floor
. The problems arising from the application of these architectures claims is to create
1) ultimate limit state at soft storey,
2 ) a change in the symmetry of the columns ,
3 ) stronger strain construction , because it creates a concentration effect of action on columns
4) asymmetric structures is observed the torsional effect on floors .
Today
a) We plan ductile structures, but we also need the torsional stiffness to stop the torsion of asymmetric floors.
b) Design methods yield (or else plastic zones) which are default locations of failure to be the first ultimate-yield in a powerful earthquake.
This seismic design planning today is very useful but insufficient current architectural needs.
In my quest to design the ultimate seismic system, I built a mechanism and design a method with high earthquake resistance because it improves the indicators of
1 ) the ductile
How we can improve the ductility of columns of ductile structural system
Reply . Separating the ductile structural system of the rigid structural system,
by placing them between seismic joint, partition isometric seismic loads on the vertical elements of the two structural systems.
What will happen if we do not distinguish these two structural systems ;
When the earthquake started , the ductile columns bend because they have great elasticity .
Large rigid columns, do not bend because they have stiffness.
The result is ... all of the earthquake loads to be received from the rigid elements.


2 ) Of the plastic zones.
Question. How to improve the indicators of plastic zones;
Reply . Separating the ductile structural system of the rigid structural system,
by placing them between seismic joint.
The seismic joint works like the plastic zone for the yield load of the earthquake.
(Without Fail)
3) The torsional stiffness of asymmetric structures ;
Question. How to improve the indicators of torsional stiffness of asymmetric structures;
Reply. By placing more than one rigid structural systems (with the interposition of a seismic joint between at selected points) inside the asymmetric ductile static system
Even the pretension creates anyway stiffness.
4 ) Improves resistance of the column relative to the shear force

5) Increases active behaviour of columns
6 ) Improves awry tension
Question.
4) How do I improve the strength of the column relative to the shear force and shear force base;
5) How do I increase the active behaviour of columns;
6) How to Improve the oblique tension?
Reply . We know from the bibliography that pretension itself is very positive, because it improves the trajectories of oblique tension
On the other hand we have another good ... reduced cracking because we apply compression stress which increases the active behaviour of columns;, as well as increases the stiffness of the structure , which reduces the deflection causing failure.

7) Glider displacement node of higher level, and the deflection of the rigid structure
Question.
How glider displacement node of higher level, and the deflection of the rigid structure?
Reply. Introducing a new vertical resistance to the roof (stops the roof to get up) coming from the ground, through the mechanism of the invention.
Even the pretension creates anyway stiffness, and the deflection of the rigid structure.

8) lower the natural frequency of the soil and construction;
Question. How do we lower the natural frequency of the soil and construction;
Reply. Because the compression stress in the cross section of the columns, lowers the natural frequency
And because Introducing a new vertical resistance to the roof, it stop the natural frequency, because seismic damping applied to the width of the wave of the earthquake.


9) It helps avoid the concentration effect of action at soft storey,
10) In the pretension there is no problem of relevance ( consistency ) of concrete and steel .
Question.
9) How it helps to avoid concentration load intensity in soft floor;
10) How eliminates the problem of relevance of concrete and steel;
Reply. In a prestressed well, there are is not baffles and this gives the opportunity to work as a body to control the curve of the ductile system and keeps control over the vertical axis before break.
In prestressing there is no problem with the relevance as present in the inert reinforcing concrete because the clamped structure clamped at both ends of the mechanism of the invention, out of the concrete.
The deflection on the vertical axis of the ductile system
due to the difference spectrum of multiple plates, which tend to give the vertical axis in the form of S
If we take a candle and break it with your hands in the center will observe that
the candle breaks, but the wick stays in the candle.

But if you break the candle at its ends, will not do the same.
The interface of the two materials is less at the edges,
whereby smaller and the reaction
than is the reaction of the other party.
The result is the wick of the candle at the ends to lose its relevance and be pulled out of the candle
The same phenomenon is observed in the columns of the ground floor.
We always see when the columns fail, the steel pulled out of the concrete, shaped curve, but never cut.
The pretension applied the mechanism of the invention does not exhibit said the problem of relevance, simply because there is no link between concrete and tendon, because it passes freely through the concrete.
The tendon anchors applied to both ends of the mechanism out of the concrete.

11) Ensures stronger foundation.
Question. How did the invention provides a stronger foundation;
Reply. The clamping mechanism of the invention stops the building to go up and down. as does the screw with hanger bolts.
12) The invention automatically improves the traction of steel which is observed in prestressed steel
Reply.
The hydraulic system automatically improves - pulling steel - observer in pretension.
The hydraulic system automatically improves anchorage of the anchor to the ground and maintains the structure anchored to the ground,
even in many circles loads
13) ensures damping decrement of seismic loads , which leads to reduced resonant response
Reply.
The forces that cause energy called damping forces and always oppose the motion of the system running oscillation.
The design method that I follow dampening
1) horizontally at the base
2) at the level of (bulkheads) plates and the shaft. (Seismic joint)
3) on the roof, mounted the hydraulic system.
And all this without eliminating the ductility of the bearing, which in itself and is a damping seismic energy.


These two structural systems can work together, or we can only use the rigid component alone to build rigid structures