[Crawford]

NYC has a record number of people employed (far more than prepandemic), the lowest vacancy rate in recorded history, rising school enrollment, and 175k migrants in the last 12 months. I'm not a demographer, but I have no clue how that can be reconciled with annual Census estimates.

But this isn't a NYC-specific issue. Other jurisdictions had even worse discrepancies. The Census appears to be terrible at estimating older, atypical jurisdictions, and there's generally a huge discrepancy between the decennial counts and the annual estimates.