Noviken transmitter - Valley span instead of tower

[Alpha]

Noviken transmitter is a transmitter near Gildesdal at 66° 58" 58" N 13° 52" 23" E, which is used for transmitting messages to submerged submarines on 16.4 kHz. Normally such a facility has supertall masts. However Noviken transmitter uses as antenna several wires spun between two mountains, which are shown on http://www.fofo.no/forsvaretsforum.n...r.-mwRLI5D.ips . Transmitters of this kind are and were rare. I know only of the following
* Tavolara Island, Italy ( in service)
* Jim Creek Naval Radio Station, Oso, Washington, USA ( in service)
* Herzogstand, Germany ( dismantled before World War II)
* Hauku Omega Transmitter, Hawaii ( dismantled)
* Aldra Omega Transmitter, Norway ( dismantled)

[scalziand]

What about Arecibo?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecibo_Observatory

[jodelli]

Originally Posted by Alpha

Noviken transmitter is a transmitter near Gildesdal at 66° 58" 58" N 13° 52" 23" E, which is used for transmitting messages to submerged submarines on 16.4 kHz. Normally such a facility has supertall masts.

The Russian and American ELF transmitters are actually partly underground, but then again you used the word 'Normally' so I guess these are exceptions.

http://www.vlf.it/zevs/zevs.htm

[Alpha]

There is an important difference in the design of Arecibo telescope and Noviken transmitter. At Arecibo the antenna is hung on three concrete towers, while at Noviken it is fixed on rocks.

The ELF transmitters use a completely other design. Their "antenna" is a powerline, which is connected at both ends to the ground, so the earth closes the circuit. The masts used by ELF transmitters are small, not larger than that used for 20 kV-lines.