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Originally Posted by suburbanite
I don't think there really is consensus and the theories are pretty broad-ranging. There's the idea that the increased availability of abortions lead to less kids growing up in circumstances predisposing them to crime. There's the leaded gasoline theory or the use of crack cocaine become less prevalent for whatever reason. Could've just been an anomaly as the economy needed time to switch to mainly service-based from it's industrial past. The 90's was the start of very strong economic growth, and although there were blips from the dot-com bubble or the 2008 recession, they were more setbacks as opposed to a total structural reorganization of the economy.
It probably makes more sense to look at the trends locally. Each city has some unique circumstances. New York's drastic decline is largely the result of massive gentrification of some of the most notorious neighbourhoods in the country. An Influx of global wealth and talent pushing everything outwards from the core.
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More than likely a bit of a mix of everything - which aside from the above also include things like an aging population (fewer young men = less crime), improved policing & reporting of crimes, less corruption, improved medical responses leading to a lower death rate, etc.
As for why ~1992 in particular was the peak: poor economy, crack epidemic, social upheaval, and being the all-around low point in the health of most cities, probably.