[Chadillaccc]

France heavily colonized New France (Quebec) and then lost the war against the English who subsequently took basically the whole continent. They expelled most of the Acadians from Nova Scotia and Eastern New Brunswick, many of whom ended up in Louisiana and evolved into the Cajun (the adapted demonym from "Acadian") culture.

Quebec is the only province with the majority of its population being Francophone, however both Ontario and New Brunswick are heavily influenced by the French language and culture. New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province, being about 34% French and 66% English, and out of Ontario's 15 million people, about 1.3 million identify as French Canadian, and around 700 000 speak French as their first language. While New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province, the country itself is officially bilingual at the federal level.

Additionally, Manitoba was settled earlier than the rest of the west of the country, initially by French settlers and fur traders. Many of these people led to the creation of the Metis community of Canada through genetic and cultural exchange with indigenous people. The population of the Metis community numbers about 700 000 mostly spread across the three Prairie Provinces. Louis Riel was a Metis from Winnipeg, founder of the province of Manitoba, and was the leader of two rebellions seeking independence (or at least autonomy) for Indigenous and Metis peoples. He was executed for treason, but is widely considered the provincial hero of Manitoba and is one of the most studied and storied individuals in Canadian history. In Winnipeg, the Francophone population is over 40 000. Despite significant demographic losses over the past three decades, it's still a fairly sizeable community.

Aside from those four provinces, there are smaller communities of Francophones across Alberta (81 000), British Columbia (71 000), Nova Scotia (35 000), and Saskatchewan (20 000). Even smaller communities in the rest of the provinces and territories, including remnants of the Acadians in Prince Edward Island (6 000) along with their countrymen in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.

Out of 38 million people in Canada, approximately 10 million speak French as their first language, which is why we are a bilingual country.



But of course, as mentioned above, there is no straight forward answer to your question. What I've provided here is an extremely basic overview based on my memory and ongoing studies of Canadian history and indigenous/metis ethnographies in university.